七個被否決的悉尼歌劇院提案

7 Rejected Proposals for Sydney Opera House

悉尼歌劇院是一座世界公認的標誌性建築，由約恩·烏特松（J？rn Utzon）設計。自1956年競賽開始，悉尼歌劇院的設計專案共吸引了222個參賽作品。而自從1973年悉尼歌劇院開放以來，這座建築重新定義了澳大利亞的特徵，它直到去年9月才終於實現了一個里程碑：徹底實現碳中和。

歌劇院背後的歷史及其創作與建築本身一樣豐富。1956年，新南威爾士州政府發起了一場公開競賽，為歌劇院和交響音樂會設計兩個表演大廳，希望將悉尼轉變為一座大都市。丹麥建築師約恩·烏特松贏得了比賽，他上交了一些簡單的草圖，而就是這些草圖吸引了評審團。

An iconic piece of architecture recognized around the world， the Sydney Opera House was designed by J？rn Utzon， following a 1956 competition that attracted 222 competition entries。 Since its opening in 1973， the building has redefined the ambitions of Australia and only last September celebrated its latest milestone： turning completely carbon neutral。

The history behind the Opera House and its creation is as rich as the architecture itself。 In 1956 the New South Wales Government called an open competition for the design of two performance halls， for opera and for symphony concerts， hoping to establish Sydney as a major city。 Danish architect J？rn Utzon won the competition with an entry that consisted of a few simple sketches that intrigued the jury。

但是剩下221個被否決的提案呢？為了推測這座悉尼標誌性建築在其他提案中會是什麼樣子，Budget Direct Australia與NeoMam Studios合作，為七項被否決的悉尼歌劇院提案生成了影象。下面，我們將以簡短的描述重新展示這些提案。

這項合作是以前NeoMam類似實驗的基礎上進行的。NeoMam之前推測了紐約中央公園可能會是什麼樣子，以及重現了6座未承受住時間考驗的英國城堡如今的模樣。

But what of the 221 rejected proposals？ In an effort to speculate what could have been for the Sydney landmark， Budget Direct Australia has teamed up with NeoMam Studios to generate images for seven rejected proposals for the Sydney Opera House。 Below， we have republished the proposals with a shortened description。 For the full story， visit the Budget Direct website here。

The collaboration follows on from similar previous endeavors by NeoMam， who recently speculated on what New York’s Central Park could have looked like， and how six ruined British castles would look today had they stood the test of time。

1。 Philadelphia Collaborative Group

這個由費城的七位設計師臨時組建的團隊所設計的潛艇形狀的歌劇院獲得了比賽的第二名。和獲一等獎的設計一樣，該建築的靈感來源於貝殼的形狀，並在混凝土的應用上採用了最新的技術。

Budget Direct： Second place in the competition went to this submarine-shaped opera house， created by an improvised team of seven designers in Philadelphia。 Like the winning design， the structure was inspired by the seashell form and was to have utilized the latest techniques in the use of concrete。

2。 Paul Boissevain and Barbara Osmond

評委們對這座建築的尺度和它的長廊印象深刻。這種四四方方的設計和對步道的強調不禁讓人想起挪威奧斯陸歌劇院（Oslo Opera House）從地面到屋頂的傾斜步道，而這座歌劇院是在Boissevain和Osmond提出這種設計的50年後建造的。

Budget Direct： The judges were impressed with the human scale of the building and its promenade。 And the boxy design and emphasis on walking can’t help but recall the tilted ground-to-roof walkway of Oslo Opera House in Norway， built fifty years after Boissevain and Osmond’s unrealized vision。

3。 Sir Eugene Goossens

Goossens不僅是悉尼交響樂團的指揮，也是新南威爾士州音樂學院的院長，同時還是支援建造歌劇院的主要影響人物之一。

Budget Direct： Goossens was not only the conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra but also the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music and one of the key voices in demanding for an opera house to be built。

4。 Peter Kollar and Balthazar Korab

兩位設計師都是來自匈牙利的難民，他們透過最高級別的入境許可來到澳大利亞。評委們評價這個方案是“非常巧妙的設計”。

Budget Direct： Refugees from the communist regime in Hungary， Kollar and Korab’s entry was the highest ranking entry from an Australian entity。 The judges commented on the project’s “very skillful planning。”

5。 S。W。 Milburn and Partners

Milburn和Dow將長廊延伸至升起的建築下面，並在屋頂上安置了一個直升機停機坪，以滿足特殊的指揮及降落需要。

Budget Direct： Milburn and Dow tucked their promenade under the raised building and planted a helicopter pad up on the roof， presumably in case the conductor needed to get somewhere in a hurry。

6。 Vine and Vine

英國公司 Vine and Vine設計的龐大歌劇院由兩個禮堂組成，中間被餐廳隔開。和許多競爭對手一樣，他們也設計了戶外空間，並在提案中設計了一個下沉的親水廣場。

Budget Direct： English company Vine and Vine’s sprawling opera house was made up of two auditoria， separated by a restaurant。 Like many of their competitors， the Vines made provision for outdoor space – in their case with a sunken waterside plaza。

7。 Kelly and Gruzen

這個合作小組設計的入口呼應了Vine提案中的下沉庭院，而這個美國小組設計的入口帶有一種拉斯維加斯式的活力。

圖片：Budget Direct via NeoMam Studios

Budget Direct： This collaborative group’s entrance echoes the Vines’ with its sunken courtyards。 But there’s also a certain Vegas-style pizzazz to the American team’s entry。

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