投入不同市場等待銷售的有形產品是原材料、零部件和勞動力的組合，這種組合隨產品的不同而不同。因此，原材料、零部件、勞動力和市場都影響著製造設施、加工設施和裝配設施的選址。倉儲、配送中心和設施為產品的配送提供方便，同時它們的選址也受到工廠設施選址的影響，因它們要搬運工廠的產品，要服務於市場。

The tangible products that go into different markets waiting to sell are a combination of raw materials， parts and labor， that varies with the product。Thus， raw materials， components， labor， and markets all influence the location of manufacturing facilities， processing facilities， and assembly facilities。Warehousing， distribution centers and cross-storage facilities provide convenience for the distribution of products， while their location is also affected by the location of the factory facilities， because they want to carry the factory products， to serve the market。

自然因素的影響

關於自然資源與設施選址的關係，過去人們往往關注的是自然資源應怎樣融入產品生產並最終到達消費者手中。然而在最近的25，關於自然資源與設施選址的討論越來越關注環境和可持續性。一方面會考慮到各種各樣的汙染，如空氣汙染、噪聲汙染和水汙染；另一方面會考慮自然資源的保護。

Regarding the relationship between natural resources and facility location， attention used to be paid to how natural resources should be integrated into product production and eventually reach consumers。However， in the recent 25 years， discussions on natural resources and facility sites have increasingly focused on the environment and sustainability。On the one hand， all kinds of pollution， such as air pollution， noise pollution and water pollution， will be considered； on the other hand， the protection of natural resources will be considered。

生產產品的物料直接（如採礦業或漁業）或間接（如農產品）取自土地或海洋。在一些情況下，這些資源可能遠離物料或其產品被消費的地方。那些在加工過程中不失去重量的材料，被稱為“ 純材料”（ pure materials）。對於這類材料，加工點可選擇在臨近原材料產地或市場的任一地區。

The materials produced directly （e。 g。 mining or fishery） or indirectly （e。 g。 agricultural products） are taken from land or ocean。In some cases， these resources may be far away from where the material or their products are consumed。Those that do not lose weight during processing are referred to as “pure materials” （pure materials）。For such materials， the processing point can be selected in any area near the raw material origin or market。

然而，如果物料必須在收集地和需求地之間的某個位置被加工，那麼它們是具有失重還是增重的特性，對於設施選址則顯得尤為重要。如果物料在加工過程中，會失去相當大部分重量，就是“失重產品”（ weight losing products），這類產品的加工地點應選擇在臨近開採或收穫的地方，從而可以避免不必要的運輸費用。如果原材料在加工過程中不斷增加重量，就是“增重產品”（ weight gaining products），這類產品的加工點應靠近市場。從甜菜中提取的糖，就是一種“失重產品”（大概6磅甜菜才能提取1磅糖），而瓶裝軟飲料則是“增重產品”的例子。

However， if materials must be processed somewhere between the collection or demand sites， then whether they are particularly important for the facility location。If the material loses a considerable part of its weight during processing， the “weightproduct” （weight losing products）， the processing site of such products should be selected adjacent to mining or harvest to avoid unnecessary transportation costs。If the raw materials constantly increase their weight during the processing process， it is the “weight enhancement product” （weight gaining products）， and the processing point of such products should be close to the market。Sugar from beets is a “weightproduct” （about six pounds of sugar）， while bottled soft drinks are examples of a “weight gain product”。

除了裝瓶的功用外，水也是設施選址需要考慮的因素。在工業生產中，水被用於冷卻；在炎熱的季節裡，在某種氣候條件下，自然流動的水也可能用於空調裝置。在某些加工過程中，水既可用於清洗，又可作為清除廢物的媒介。同時，水對於防火也是必不可少的，某類水源的供應情況也決定著火災保險費的高低。

In addition to bottling work， water is also considered for the facility。In industrial production， water is used for cooling； in hot seasons， naturally flowing water may also be used in air conditioning equipment。In some processes， water can be used both for cleaning and as a medium for waste removal。At the same time， water is also essential for fire prevention， and the supply of certain water sources also determines the level of fire insurance premium。

土地需求是設施選址時需要考慮的另一種自然資源。配送和生產設施可能要求更大塊的土地以確保有效和高效的運作。例如，建設一個250000平方英尺的配送中心可能需要至少50英畝的土地。一般來說，越是偏遠的地方，土地資源越豐富，價格越便宜。但是這些地方往往交通不便，缺乏合適的勞動力。

Land demand is another natural resource to be considered when locating a facility。Distribution and production facilities may require larger areas of land to ensure effective and efficient operation。For example， building a 250，000 square foot distribution center may require at least 50 acres。In general， the more remote the place， the richer the land resources， the cheaper the price。But these places are often inconvenient transportation and lack of suitable labor。

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