引言

哪怕任何行業在非洲發展都會門檻重重。但似乎也阻擋不了全球貿易下，非洲的‘韌性’發展，也隔絕不了‘嚐鮮者’投資非洲覓商機。‘遇見未來，瞭望非洲’欄目，讓我們透過非洲各行發展現狀，瞭望非洲未來和無限可能。

Even if there are barriers to the development of any industry in Africa。 But there seems to be no stopping Africa‘s ’resilience‘ in the face of global trade， nor is there any barrier to ’tasters‘ investing in Africa for business opportunities。 In ’Meet the Future， See Africa‘， we take a look at the future of Africa and its endless possibilities， through the current state of development of all sectors in Africa。

肯亞街頭，圖源：pixabay。com

隨著非洲快速增長的人口和城市化，必然會催生海量的出行需求，目前，非洲還是全球二手車的傾銷地，但“年事已高”並使用汙染嚴重的柴油發動機汽車正無時無刻不在汙染著當地環境。

由此，清潔、負擔得起和可靠的新能源電動交通工具在非洲落地，從最常用的摩托車領域開始。

With Africa’s rapidly growing population and urbanisation， there is bound to be a huge demand for mobility， and while Africa is currently a global dumping ground for used cars， the “old” and polluting diesel-engined vehicles are polluting the local environment all the time。 As a result， clean， affordable and reliable new energy and electric transport is taking hold in Africa， starting with the most commonly used area of motorbikes。

圖源：攝圖網

能源轉型制約電動“向陽而生”

Energy transition constrains electric vehicle development

“電力太緊缺了！”

這是非洲最迫切解決的問題，也是電動車無法在非洲各國普及的基本原因。但我們試想，按照肯亞、奈及利亞、迦納、南非、摩洛哥這些正在快速進行由石化能源轉型為太陽能、風能發電的國家的發展情況，在不久的將來，

‘電力問題’似乎已不是非洲電動交通發展障礙

。

“Electricity is too scarce！” This is the most pressing problem in Africa and the basic reason why electric vehicles are not popular in African countries。 But let‘s imagine that， according to the developments in Kenya， Nigeria， Ghana， South Africa and Morocco， countries that are undergoing rapid energy conversion， the ’electricity problem‘ no longer seems to be an obstacle to the development of electric mobility in Africa in the near future。

圖源：攝圖網

微電網是非洲中小型分散式的充電基礎設施，為地域廣闊的非洲大陸‘撒網式’提供電力，正是如此，

這樣分散的發電設施利於電動充電站點建立

。

據

盧安達公司“Ampersand"

公示，他們正在盧安達和肯亞內羅畢為當地boda boda （非洲的共享摩的）司機提供適合用途的摩托車、比燃料成本更低的可靠電池以及先進的交換技術，Boda boda 車手可以改裝成電動行駛，還可以直接在服務站進行電池更換。

Microgrids are small and medium-sized decentralised charging infrastructures in Africa， providing power to the vast continent in a ’cast-net‘ manner， which is why such decentralised power generation facilities facilitate the establishment of electric charging stations。

According to the Rwandan company ’Ampersand‘， they are providing local boda boda drivers in Rwanda and Nairobi， Kenya， with fit-for-purpose motorbikes， reliable batteries that cost less than fuel and advanced switching technology that allows boda boda riders to convert to electric driving and also to change batteries directly at the service stations。 Battery replacement

Boda boda電動車，圖源：YouTube。com

非洲電動交通政策變化，不少跨國車企已經聞訊而來

Many multinational car companies have already heard about the policy changes in Africa

近幾年，政治環境相對穩定的非洲國家逐個出臺電動車政策。

盧安達政府

率先推出了一系列鼓勵電動汽車的激勵措施，包括充電站的上限電費和免費土地，基加利周圍電動汽車的優惠停車和行駛車道，以及對汙染車輛的車齡和排放的限制。

In recent years， African countries with relatively stable political environments have introduced electric vehicle policies one by one。

The Rwandan government has led the way with a range of incentives to encourage electric vehicles， including capped electricity rates and free land for charging stations， preferential parking and driving lanes for electric vehicles around Kigali， and restrictions on the age and emissions of polluting vehicles。

內羅畢的高峰時段。交通運輸約佔肯亞溫室氣體排放量的 13%。（圖片：Thomas Cockrem / Alamy）

肯亞政府

相繼出臺了新能源汽車政策，並且取消了電動車的進口稅，先以政府採購為主，引導本國消費者購買，甚至規定所有新建公共建築都需要同時配建充電站。

南非政府

也宣佈鼓勵電動汽車製造的決議，以資金獎勵等方式鼓勵本土汽車製造商生產電動汽車。

The Kenyan government has introduced a new energy vehicle policy and has abolished import taxes on electric vehicles， starting with government procurement to guide domestic consumers to buy them， and even requiring all new public buildings to be equipped with charging stations at the same time。

The South African government has also announced a resolution to encourage the manufacture of electric vehicles， with financial incentives and other means to encourage local car manufacturers to produce electric vehicles。

圖源：攝圖網

政府政策的推出引來了跨國車企佈局。如果你關注非洲電動行業，一搜索便是各大汽車品牌和電拼車品牌引進電動交通產品到非洲市場的資訊。

The introduction of government policies has attracted multinational car companies to set up shop。 If you follow the African electric sector， a quick search will reveal information on the introduction of electric mobility products to the African market by major car and electric carpool brands。

全球觸“電”，非洲或將成為‘電門大戶’

In the future， Africa could become a global leader in the shift to electric vehicles

《MIDDLE-EAST AND AFRICA ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET - GROWTH》報告中提到：中東和非洲的電動汽車市場規模到2020年將達到3500萬美元，

預計2021年至2026年，複合年增長率將超過15％，到2026年將達到8400萬美元。

肯亞能源部長莫妮卡·朱瑪（Monica Juma）說，“

我們已經完成了數字化，至於能源領域是否也能有類似跨越式的發展？誰知道呢，但至少，我的答案是肯定的。

”

MIDDLE-EAST AND AFRICA ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET - GROWTH reports that the Middle East and Africa electric vehicle market will reach US$35 million by 2020 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 15% from 2021 to 2026， reaching US$84 million by 2026 。

Monica Juma， Kenya’s Minister of Energy， said， “We have already done digitalisation， so will there be a similar leap forward in the energy sector？ Who knows， but at least， my answer is yes。”

圖源：攝圖網

哪怕在非洲推行新能源政策國家並不多，還有一些難以逾越的關稅和貿易壁壘，但相對於已經建立了各種密集能源基礎設施國家而言，大部分未建立能源基礎‘處女地’的非洲，

或許更容易使得采用電動汽車等新技術的發展和佈局

，其發展潛力廣闊、重要性突出，值得全球每一個立志能源轉型的從業者傾注精力。

未來，非洲大陸可能就是全球向電動車轉變的領導者。

Even though there are not many countries implementing new energy policies in Africa， and there are some insurmountable tariffs and trade barriers， Africa， where most of the energy base is not established， is perhaps more prone to the development and deployment of new technologies such as electric vehicles， whose potential for development is so vast and important that it deserves the attention of every practitioner worldwide who aspires to the energy transition。